math, graphs, graph theory, data structures, discrete mathematics

• Graph theory is the study of graphs
• a graph is a mathematical data structure used to model 1-to-1 relationships between components of the graph
• graphs are made up of vertices and edges:
  • vertices:
    • AKA “nodes” or “points”
    • connected by “edges”
  • edges:
    • AKA “links” or “lines”
    • connect “vertices” to each other
• there are multiple types of graphs:
  • undirected:
    • edges connect vertices “symmetrically”:
      • any vertex can connect to any other vertex equally
    • groups of connected vertices within an undirected graph are called “connected components” or “components”
  • directed:
    • edges connect vertices “asymmetrically”:
      • relationships between vertices can only be established depending on which vertex is establishing the relationship – relationships in graphs aren’t necessarily reciprocal